In recent years, the success rate of lunar landings has declined, evident from failed missions such as Hakuto-R, Beresheet, and Chandrayaan-2. Only China has successfully landed uncrewed ships on the moon since the 1970s. This decline in success comes at a time when more landing attempts are scheduled before the end of 2023, causing concern in the space community. Despite the setbacks, NASA’s administrator, Bill Nelson, remains optimistic about the “golden age” of spaceflight. However, each mission is behind schedule, and the reasons for the failures vary, ranging from software issues to the challenges faced by private companies with limited budgets. These missions aim to utilize better technology, such as Doppler lidar and terrain-relative navigation, to increase the chances of a successful lunar landing.
https://spectrum.ieee.org/lunar-landing