In recent years, flash-based SSDs have become the preferred storage solution over disks, offering faster performance and increased capacity. The transition from SATA to PCIe 3.0, 4.0, and now 5.0 has led to a significant boost in SSD throughput. Data center SSDs like the Kioxia CM7-R or Samsung PM1743 now achieve up to 13 GB/s read throughput and 2.7M+ random read IOPS. However, despite advancements in SSD technology, major cloud vendors like AWS have not kept pace, with SSD performance remaining stagnant at 2 GB/s. The reason behind this stagnation is unclear, leading to speculation about potential reasons for the lack of progress in cloud storage technology.
http://databasearchitects.blogspot.com/2024/02/ssds-have-become-ridiculously-fast.html