Airports play a crucial role in global economies, contributing 8% to GDP and supporting businesses that rely on air transport. Despite their importance, building new airports is extremely difficult due to opposition from various interest groups. Noise pollution from jet engines was a major obstacle to airport expansion, sparking significant complaints and lawsuits. Technological innovations in engine design helped reduce noise levels over time. Environmental concerns have also hindered airport construction, with groups like the Sierra Club opposing new projects. Airlines themselves sometimes resist new airports to protect their market share. The challenges of building or expanding airports contribute to lengthy delays and intense controversy.
https://www.construction-physics.com/p/why-is-it-so-hard-to-build-an-airport