In medicine, an “-ectomy” involves cutting out something, like a tonsillectomy. An “-ostomy” involves creating an outlet, like a colostomy. An “-otomy” involves slicing something up, like a lobectomy. However, some doctors have used extreme methods, like the ice pick lobotomy popular in the mid-1900s. This invasive procedure involved thrusting an ice pick into the brain through the eye socket to treat mental illness. Though now considered outdated and barbaric, it was once performed thousands of times. Today, most medical professionals use safer methods, but it is important to be skeptical of extreme procedures. Cecil Adams, a columnist from Chicago, highlights the importance of distinguishing helpful medical practices from dangerous ones.
https://www.straightdope.com/21341781/in-medicine-what-s-the-difference-between-an-ectomy-an-ostomy-and-an-otomy