In 1966, Robert Dennard invented dynamic RAM cells storing information in capacitor charges using transistors. Intel’s 1103 chip marked the first commercial dynamic memory with three transistors per cell. The 565RU1, USSR’s version, had a three-transistor memory cell similar to Western chips. Mezon and Alpha were key establishments producing such chips in the USSR. Exciton, founded in 1943 and focusing on capacitors, transitioned to integrated-hybrid systems by 1970. The Elektronika BK-0010, among the world’s first 16-bit personal computers, showcased 565RU1 chip usage. The chips remained in production until the mid-90s, popular in CNC machines and high radiation environments.
https://www.cpushack.com/2023/12/21/the-first-mass-produced-dram-of-the-soviet-union/