Concurrency and parallelism in programming are often used interchangeably, but they have subtle differences. Concurrency involves alternating between tasks, while parallelism allows multiple tasks to run simultaneously. Threads, processes, and Node.js are different ways to achieve multitasking. Node.js, for example, handles blocking tasks using worker threads. Async functions and callbacks in Node.js help prevent race conditions and maintain a more sequential flow of execution. However, complex asynchronous logic can still lead to race conditions. The key is to be aware of the various ways to achieve concurrency and how they can impact program performance and potential issues. Being cautious and informed is essential when working on concurrent programs.
https://www.rugu.dev/en/blog/concurrency-and-parallelism/