All complex multicellular life on Earth is made of eukaryotic cells, which possess self-contained organelles that perform specialized functions. The origin of eukaryotes remains a mystery, but recent discoveries of Asgard archaea provide valuable clues. These deep-sea prokaryotes have eukaryotic-like genes and structures, indicating a potential link to the first eukaryotic ancestor. The process by which eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotic cells through endosymbiosis is still unclear, with debates surrounding the role of mitochondria and other potential symbionts. While the origin of eukaryotes remains complex, ongoing research aims to uncover more clues about the evolution of life on Earth.
https://www.quantamagazine.org/meet-the-eukaryote-the-first-cell-to-get-organized-20241028/