Mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating metabolic rate and aging, but their decline with age leads to reduced ATP production and increased production of reactive oxygen species. Retinal photoreceptors are particularly affected by mitochondrial changes and age rapidly, with a decline in cone function starting around 40 years. Exposure to long-wavelength light has been shown to improve mitochondrial function and reduce age-related cell death in the retina, leading to better electrophysiological responses. A study found that a single 3-minute morning exposure to 670 nm light significantly improved color contrast thresholds in aging individuals, with sustained improvements lasting up to a week. The study highlights the potential of light therapy in improving retinal function in aged individuals.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-02311-1