The need for coordinate time references in the exploration of the solar system, including the Moon and Mars, is crucial due to the effects of gravitational potential and relative motion on standard clocks, as outlined by Einstein’s theory of relativity. A framework is presented to establish a coordinate time for the Moon, showing that clocks near the Moon’s equator tick faster than those near the Earth’s equator. This knowledge is essential for reliable communication infrastructure and precise navigation in cislunar space, highlighting the importance of understanding time differences across celestial bodies to ensure the interoperability of various position, navigation, and timing systems.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.11150