Semiconductors have revolutionized technology over the past few decades by enabling the creation of electronic devices like PCs, the internet, and mobile phones. The cost of semiconductors has steadily fallen, with the number of components on an integrated circuit doubling every two years, as per Moore’s Law. However, the facilities needed to manufacture semiconductors have become increasingly expensive. The process of manufacturing semiconductors involves layering, patterning, doping, and heat-treating, among other steps, with extreme precision required due to the tiny size of components. Building a modern microchip involves numerous complex steps and requires incredibly clean and controlled environments to prevent contamination and ensure quality.
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