The official report on the 2022 Rogers Internet and phone outage has been released, revealing the lack of “Out of Band” network management capability as a major contributing factor. Out of band network management requires a dedicated set of physical hardware, separate from the regular network, with secure access authentication. Setting up an OOB network involves building separate switches, routers, cabling, and fiber runs, potentially creating a single point of failure if not fully redundant. While some argue that everyone should have OOB network management, others prefer redundant and hardened in-band management, especially for smaller networks. The complexity and resource allocation required make OOB network management non-trivial.
https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/sysadmin/OutOfBandManagementNotTrivial