The toughest technical challenges in civilization involve delivering high performance at a low cost, often pushing the boundaries of what’s possible. Leading-edge semiconductor fabs, commercial aircraft, and jet engines are examples of such projects, requiring incredible precision, control, and efficiency. Only a few organizations globally can execute such complex projects due to the high costs involved. Developing jet engines, for example, has a long history of innovation and challenges, with companies like Pratt and Whitney overcoming obstacles to create cutting-edge technology. While jet engines revolutionized aviation in the mid-20th century, they required significant time, effort, and resources to develop and improve.
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